Author Archive

Protein Recommendations and Kidney Function

Wednesday, April 4th, 2012

I see that you advocate higher intakes of proteins, but what about renal function? In the ADA Position I read:

“Long-term high intakes of dietary protein (above 0.6 g/kg/day for a person with kidney disease not undergoing dialysis or above the Dietary Reference Intake for protein of 0.8 g/kg/ day for people with normal kidney function) from either animal or vegetables sources, may worsen existing chronic kidney disease or cause renal injury in those with normal renal function (185)”.

This is the reference: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17383270.1

Answer:

This is a legitimate concern.

Someone with kidney disease should be careful about protein intake. My recommendations for protein (Table 1 in the article Protein) are generally lower than what the population normally consumes, though higher than what many vegans might consume, and should be safe for someone without kidney problems, especially since some studies have shown vegetable protein to be less harmful than animal protein.

My recommendations for older people are a range from .8 to 1.3 g/kg/day. If someone has kidney disease, they might want to stick to the lower end of the range, or even lower than that if indicated during monitoring by their physician. And vegans should focus on high lysine protein foods to make sure they get enough of the amino acid lysine.

Ginny on Body Shaming

Sunday, April 1st, 2012

Ginny Messina: Body Shaming Fails Vegans and Vegan Advocacy

I couldn’t agree with Ginny more on this recent trend to promote veganism, if that’s what it actually does, by insulting people who are heavy.

Prehistoric Calcium Intakes

Sunday, April 1st, 2012

Question I received:

[I]t has always bugged me that the fact that humans need to consume other animal’s milk to meet their calcium requirements seems to be evolutionarily illogical or odd. As you said vegans and people who do not eat diary have a lower calcium intake and are in the deficiency range, yet this somehow doesn’t make sense to me from a philosophical point of view….I wonder, have there been studies on vegan children and their calcium requirements? Are they lower than their non-vegan counter-parts?

On average, vegans have lower calcium intakes, with studies showing average intakes well below the RDA of 1,000 mg. But a vegan diet can have a much higher calcium intake if the person eats large amounts of greens every day. It’s just that most vegans do not eat this many greens (at least 3 servings per day of collards, kale, broccoli, mustard greens, turnip greens, or bok choy). And, of course, a vegan eating fortified foods would have higher calcium intakes.

Prehistoric human diets may have contained much larger amounts of calcium than what the average vegan gets without consuming dairy. I spent a few minutes looking around for this information today and the most recent source I could find was a paper by Eaton & Nelson from 1991. They conclude that “Stone Agers” consumed 1500 mg/day of calcium or more without dairy (1). It is a free download so if you are real interested you can take a look at the various foods that provided calcium.

To further complicate this question, sodium can cause significant loss of calcium from bones and there is evidence that our prehistoric ancestors did not consume anywhere close to as much sodium as the average person does today, which could result in a higher RDA than otherwise necessary.

All that said, there are a tremendous number of differences between modern and prehistoric lifestyles, and our ability to study prehistoric diets is rather limited, so I do not put much importance on using diets of our ancestors in order to shed much light on how we need to eat today for optimal health. And just because they might have had calcium intakes of 1500 mg, doesn’t mean that was the ideal amount even for them.

Unfortunately, there have not been any studies on the bone health of vegan children, though, anecdotally, I’m not aware of any vegan children with bone problems.

References

1. Eaton SB, Nelson DA. Calcium in evolutionary perspective. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991
Jul;54(1 Suppl):281S-287S. | link

Coconut Water Kefir – Latest Unproven Source of Vitamin B12

Saturday, March 31st, 2012

[Update August 16, 2013: It appears I messed this up. Tonix was not claiming their product contains B12, only that the Lactobacillus and Bifidis in their product prodcuce B12. I have since learned that there is evidence that Lactobacillus produces B12 (see Lactobacillus species). There is evidence to suggest that vegans should not rely on Lactobacillus for keeping their vitamin B12 status healthy, but this company’s claims may very well be correct.]

To make a long story short, I recently became aware of a mainstream vegan who was relying on coconut kefir water for vitamin B12, and another vegan who did not immediately recognize the problems with this idea.

On their website, the company Tonix makes the following claim about their coconut water kefir:

“This product is brisling with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, which creates awesome intestinal flora, digestion and production of B-6, B12, K, niacin and folic acid.”

I wrote them on March 6:

Someone brought it to my attention that Tonix claims that its coconut keifer contains vitamin B12. I see on your website that you say that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria are the source of vitamin B12. I’m writing to let you know that those bacteria do not produce vitamin B12 and that there is no reason to think that coconut keifer would contain vitamin B12.

If you are interested in more information on vitamin B12 in plant foods, please see this article:

veganhealth.org/b12/plant

I hope you will correct the information on your website and I look forward to your response.

I never heard back and the info is still up as of March 31, so I decided to publicly warn vegans about this claim.

Mineral Absorption

Saturday, March 31st, 2012

A reader commented on Try it Again, Dr. Kim!:

I’m in such a quandry over beans, nuts and grains. I have a grown son who has been reading books/articles/websites about how our bodies are not made to absorb the nutrients from nuts and beans. Grains are the cause of inflammation and such things as ‘leaky gut’. When I shop now, I’m not sure what to buy. … What is the truth about beans, nuts and grains?

Phytates are the main reason for the concerns about mineral absorption in plant foods. Soy tends to be the highest food in phytates and I have a run down of mineral absorption from soy in Soy: What’s the Harm?

As for inflammation and leaky gut, I cannot speak much to that, though I’m not aware of any research on humans that shows grains to cause either of those conditions in people who do not have an allergy to such foods.

Here are two posts I made on whole grains that shows they are generally associated with good health:

jacknorrisrd.com/?cat=56

Try it Again, Dr. Kim!

Thursday, March 29th, 2012

Dr. Ben Kim is a chiropractor who has a blog on personal and environmental wellness. In March of 2007, he wrote a piece called More Thoughts on Earthlings Documentary, Including Potential Problems with a Strict Vegan Diet. His article was just recently brought to my attention and I’d like to comment on it publicly because I think there are other ex-vegans out there who have had a similar experience to Dr. Kim.

In his article, Dr. Kim talks about the film Earthlings, which many of you will know is a film that documents the horrible ways that we humans treat animals. He talks about the importance of minimizing animal cruelty and was even vegan for four years. The first two of those years he felt well and the second two he failed to thrive.

Dr. Kim stuck with the diet through his two years of poor health because he trusted the books and “prominent physicians” who were advising him that a strict vegan diet was the best choice. He then found out that many of these people were not actually strictly vegan. He does know of some strict vegans who don’t cheat but they have health problems.

After eating what appears to be relatively small amounts of animal products for three months, Dr. Kim says, “My energy came back, my cravings disappeared, I stopped having skin breakouts, and most notably, I felt physically strong again. I vividly remember going from being able to do about 3 sets of 10 pull-ups before getting exhausted to being able to do 100 full body weight pull-ups within 20-30 minutes….”

Dr. Kim lists his strict vegan diet: “…plenty of fresh leafy greens, tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, celery, sprouts, many varieties of steamed greens, steamed root vegetables like potatoes, sweet potatoes, hard squashes, carrots, and red beets, whole grains like brown rice and quinoa, a wide variety of fruits (including avocados), legumes like chickpeas and red beans, and small amounts of raw nuts and seeds.”

He gives a quick review of some of the typical concerns with the vegan diet, including B12, but he doesn’t mention supplements or fortified foods as a source, suggesting that he probably wasn’t getting any B12.

Okay. So, I really dislike it when someone tries a certain diet for years, and then when it doesn’t work, the proponents of the diet say, “You just did it wrong.” However, there are some glaring reasons why Dr. Kim might have failed to thrive.

Obviously, if a vegan is not taking B12 supplements or eating fortified foods, for more than two years, chances are excellent they are going to get fatigued and have mental issues.

Secondly, if you read Dr. Kim’s description of his diet you have to get well into his list before you come across a plentiful source of protein (quinoa), and the most reliable sources that most vegans rely on, even raw foodists, are listed second to last and last!

When someone asks me what I eat as a vegan, the first thing I tell them are legume products – refried beans, soy foods, peanut butter, chili, bean burritos, lentil soup, etc. If these foods are only an afterthought, then there should be no surprise that someone trying to do 100 chin-ups in 30 minutes is going to have trouble retaining muscle mass.

Reading a few posts on Dr. Kim’s site, it is clear that he places a high value on eating unprocessed foods. So I’m guessing he is not going to be real open to eating a Tofurky or seitan sandwich for more protein. But what about tempeh, peanut butter, lentils, and peas?

Dr. Kim says, “Truly, if I could thrive on a 100 percent vegan diet, I would go back to it this instant. How could I not after having watched Earthlings?”

Indeed. I hope Dr. Kim will give it another try with plenty of high protein foods which are staples of most vegans I know who do not cheat on the diet and are thriving. And a vitamin B12 supplement would help quite a bit also. Is this such a high price to pay in order to end your support of animal agriculture?

From VRG: Update on Vegetarian Chondroitin

Wednesday, March 28th, 2012

VRG Blog Post: Update on Vegetarian Chondroitin

Unfortunately, Martek has decided not to pursue vegetarian chondroitin, but I thought it was an interesting post that gives you an idea of what might be involved in developing vegan supplements.

Last Call for Survey on Vegan Pregnancy

Wednesday, March 28th, 2012

From Raveem Ismail:

Dear All.

We are looking for final responses to our medical research on Group B streptococcal carriage in vegans during pregnancy. Please complete the survey on http://goo.gl/MKYIT and feel free to share the link!

Regards and thanks.

Dr Mark Anthony. Consultant Neonatologist.
Dr Abdul Ismail. FY2 Pediatrics.
Raveem Ismail. Analyst, Trinakria Limited.

Q&A

Wednesday, March 28th, 2012

To sum up the results of my reader survey, it appears that most people want to see my answers to questions, even if not always well-researched (as long as I point that out). People were not as interested in having me pass on media reports of non-veg related nutrition and health info, so I will not pass those on. Also, if you don’t know already, you can receive my blog in one daily digest via email by clicking on subscribe in the upper right hand of the website and choosing the email option. That means no more than one email per day.

I am a bit backed up with blog posts, so I might make a few today. Never fear – it won’t continue at this pace.

Because people are interested in my answers, you can read a whole page of Q&A that I recently did for Earth Balance’s website, Jack Norris R.D. Answers Your Plant-Based Nutrition Questions!

I will paste the one Q&A that I thought might be the most new to my blog readers:

Beth Mickens asked:
A close co-worker and I talk a lot about our differences in diets. While she is a devoted Paleo, I am a devoted vegan. Her and I are both very informed about both diets and continuously debate about what diet is best for our bodies. While we both agree a gluten-free diet, low in carbs and higher in protein and fat seems to be ideal, I’m really interesting in hearing what the RDs say about following what we call a “Vegan Paleo” diet… one that contains no animal products but is focused on the concept of eating a higher amount of protein and healthy fats? Another thing she commented to me that I really want to know… as a vegan, will my skin lose elasticity faster (causing me to look more aged at a younger age) than a meat eater based on the fact collagen is only found in meat? (assuming I don’t use ANY products on my face). Help me bust that one!!

Answer: There has been one four-week clinical trial that put people on a low-carb vegan diet, which they called “ECO-Atkins” with positive results. I personally don’t think it’s necessary for most people, but if someone feels good on it, then more power to them. I’d say the same about gluten-free. Gluten has become an easy molecule to hate but it’s just a protein that most people can break down into amino acids as they do with most protein. Some people have an autoimmune reaction against it, but that puts it in good company with a host of other proteins. If you have celiac disease, then avoiding gluten is very important, but a knee-jerk reaction to avoid gluten by people without celiac disease is, in my opinion, a waste of time and energy. For what it’s worth, one study showed that avoiding gluten can have harmful effects on beneficial gut bacteria.

In terms of looking old because of not getting enough collagen, just make sure you are getting enough protein by eating at least 2 servings of legumes (including soy foods) or quinoa per day. There has been no research indicating vegans have collagen issues and many vegans look younger than their age. People often mistake me for being 10 years younger than I am. I don’t know that it’s only due to being vegan, but the high level of antioxidants in the vegan diet might be at least part of the reason I stay looking relatively young.

Vegan Break: Video on the Work of Vegan Outreach

Saturday, March 24th, 2012

Michele Cehn of VeganBreak.com has followed up her interview with me on vegan nutrition with an 8-minute video of an interview about the history and work of Vegan Outreach:

Why Vegan Outreach with Jack Norris